College Admissions Essay: Ebony and Infinity :: College Admissions Essays

Diversity Statement - Ebony and Infinity   According to the National Childrens Defense Fund handout in front of you, One in every blackjack oak thousand black women receive a Ph.D. in mathematics and/or any of the natural sciences, my professor explained. If you use these figures, that means you have a get out chance of being struck by lightning than of earning a doctoral degree.   My heart stopped after hearing those numbers, for I was a black female scholar planning to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics. I asked the teacher if he was sure that those statistics werent a misprint. He replied, These are the correct figures.   I was in agnosticism while my instructor continued to discuss the other chances black students had in different fields. Still shocked hours later, I analyzed why I chose math as my major. I was strong in math I enjoyed manipulating the equations I loved the concepts found in the subject Furthermore, I adored the logical thinking process.   Even though I had established why I chose my major, the thought of my chances continued to upset me. That is the reason why I find it so authorised to strive for a Ph.D. in mathematics. I believe I can beat those odds, set a positive example, and hopefully inspire others to help reposition those statistics.   Being strong in my field, I decided to apply for a position as a math tutor. I received the job. I similarly ran for the freshman representative for Minority Achievers in Science (MAS) and was voted in. The experiences have helped me develop my skills and help others. As a tutor, I aid students in seeing the concepts wherefore they do well. In addition, I represent MAS, and they feel comfortable with my representation. Nothing makes me feel better than being around people and helping them.   By acquire a degree of my choice in mathematics, hopefully I will set an example for my two younger sisters. I am the first in my family to attend a four-year university. My effo rt to pursue my education is a good example for my sisters. I not only want to succeed, I want to raising their expectations and see them succeed also.

how to listen to a driver :: essays research papers

I.WHAT IS A profession? Describe how transmission linees and non win organizations add to a countrys cadence of living and quality of life. A.BASIC CONCEPTS 1.A BUSINESS is any activity that seeks profit by providing goods and services to others. 2.PROFIT is the amount a business earns supra and beyond what it spends. CONCEPT CHECK 3.Businesses also provide people with the opportunity to be travel along wealthy.B.BUSINESSES CAN PROVIDE WEALTH AND A HIGH QUALITY OF liveness FOR ALMOST EVERYONE. 1.ENTREPRENEURS are people who organize, operate, and assume the risk of starting a business. 2.Businesses are a part of an economic system that helps to create a higher(prenominal) standard of living and quality of life for everyone. 3.The QUALITY OF LIFE of a country refers to the general well-being of a societyC.NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS USE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES. 1.Nonprofit organizations such as government agencies, public schools, charities, and social causes help make a country more res ponsive to all the pick ups of citizens. 2.A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION is an organization whose goals dont include making a profit for its owners. 3.You need the SAME SKILLS to work in nonprofit organizations that you need in business, including information management, leadership, marketing, financial management. 4.Businesses, nonprofit organizations, and volunteer groups often strive to accomplish the same objectives.I.II.ENTREPRENEURSHIP VERSUS WORKING FOR OTHERS. Explain the importance of entrepreneurship to the wealth of an economy and raise the relationship of profit to risk assumptionA.There are TWO WAYS TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS 1.One way is to rise up through the ranks of a large company. 2.The more risky path is to start your own business.B.OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURS. 1.Millions of people have taken the entrepreneurial risk and succeeded. 2.Entrepreneurs have come from all over the world to prosper in America. a.The number of Hispanic-owned businesses in the United States grew by 76% in the 1990s. b.Increases have also been made by Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians, and Alaskan Natives.3.The number of women business owners has also dramatically increased.C.MATCHING RISK WITH PROFIT 1.Not all businesses make a profit profit is revenue minus expenses. 2.REVENUE is the money a business earns by selling goods and services. 3.A LOSS occurs when a businesss be and expenses are more than its revenue, the money a business earns by selling its products. 4.RISK is the chance you take of losing time and money on a business that may not prove profitable. CONCEPT CHECK 5.Rewards and risk are related.

Christianity and Evangelism in Jane Eyre Essay -- Religion Religious B

Christianity and Evangelism in Jane Eyre There were great changes in the religious arena during the time of Victorian England. John Wesley had his warm heart experience, India had been overt to missionizing, and a Utilitarian and Evangelical shift had occurred. Charlotte Bront would have felt the effects of these things, being a lady friend of the clergy, and by simply being a daughter of the Victorian era. Her novel, Jane Eyre, serves as a reaction to Utilitarianism, and the protagonist Jane emerges as an Evangelical figure. By using this novel as a tool for Evangelism itself, Bront has a political platform to fulfill moral obligations, and to have a discourse with the socially held views of her time. Beyond this, it also addresses the intrinsic struggle between Paganism and Christianity. The original position of the eastside India Company and the English Parliament was, the resistance against allowing missionary work in India, and that the clergy would be commission ed to serve only the European population there. They took this stance, because they felt the inhabitants would sapidity threatened and cause problems for those who had financial interests in the area. In 1813, with the passing of a new Charter Act, India was opened to missionary activity, and many jumped at the opportunity to relinquish all for the sake of heathen souls. (Viswanathan 36) The very personification of this ideal comes in the form of Bronts character, St. John Rivers, Jane Eyres cousin and almost fianc. He expounds on this when he explains After a season of darkness and struggling, light broke and relief fell my cramped existence all at once airing out to a plain without bounds-my powers heard a call from heaven to rise, g... ... the great religious impact it is meant to have. Christ, should and will, win out in the end as the last line of the novel says, Amen even so come, Lord Jesus Works CitedBrigit. Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 2004. http//enca rta.msn.comBront, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Richard J. Dunn. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 2001.Evangelism. Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online. 2004. http//www.m-w.com Holy Bible New international Version. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan Publishing House, 1995. Viswanathan, Gauri. The Beginnings of English Literary Study. Masks of Conquest Literary Study and British Rule in India. New York Columbia University Press, 1989. Weber, Max. Luthers existence of the Calling. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. Talcott Parsons. New York, Dover Publications Inc.

Imperialists Climate after the Civil War :: essays research papers

At the end of the ordinal century, the United States emerged as a world power. Although Congress was reluctant to endorse expansionist schemes, during the end of the nineteenth century many others had become convinced that the United States had to adopt a more aggressive and forceful foreign policy. Some believed expansion would be heartfelt for American business. Others felt America had a duty to spread its way of life to less fortunate countries. Behind all the arguments, however the United States was a great and important country, and it should start acting the part.With Americas Navy rebuilt there was an emergence of aggression in foreign policy. The two developments originated from the same generator a ready acceptance of force as the final authority of international disputes. That acceptance of force led to the Spanish-American War of 1898. Those same attitudes, during the presidencies of B. Harrison and G. Cleveland between 1885 and 1897, intimately caused several other w ars. Americas attitudes changed toward foreign policy first with their relationship to Samoa, a group of 14 South Pacific volcanic islands with thin natural harbors. American negotiated a treaty with a tribal chief to grant the United States rights to a naval station. Unfortunately, Germany had also decided that Samoa should belong to them. through and through some conferences and a natural typhoon that wiped both Germany and United States out of the Pacific they finally came to an agreement without going to war.American troubles were a little different with Chile. disdain and strategic policy were not the reasons for interfering with Chile, but more of touchy pride and patriotism.A revolutionary faction had taken control of the Chilean government. During that judgment of conviction some US sailors were docked in their country. A riot had broken out and some sailors got hurt and a couple even got killed. What made matters worse was that the Chilean police, who were there, did not intervene. However, they took the sailors away to jail. The Americans sought for reparations for the insult and Chile refused to apologize. After threatening them to go to war, they finally decided to back down, by apologizing for the attack on the sailors and compensable $75,000 compensation.Hawaii figured prominently in American foreign policy planning by its location. Not only were they ideally situated along the good deal routes to Asia, but they offered a perfect site for protecting the Pacific sea lanes to the American west coast and to the potential locations of a cape canal.

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

Adolescent Alcohol AbuseWhat Factors ar Present? Over the years, many another(prenominal) researchers have dedicated their time and energy to study teenaged intoxicant profane. They have piece that there ar many factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse. These factors are psychological, environmental, social, and cultural. Not all of these factors play a part in every adolescent who abuses alcohol, but one of these factors is usually present. Psychological ails have been found in both American, and Taiwan adolescents who abuse alcohol. The health risks of adolescent alcohol abuse are great. Alcohol affects the physiology of a young person. It disrupts the genetics and hormonal balances that are critical in the early development of youngsters. Treatment of alcohol abuse is a great state of change and development. Many therapists, doctors and counselors are trying to hold in new treatment ideas and methods into the traditional techniques that have been used for year s now. It is important to research the factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse because if these factors are detected early, and an adolescent is put into a prevention program the likelihood that they will abuse alcohol will greatly decrease. Psychological Factors According to the research, there have been many psychological problems found in adolescents who abuse alcohol. The majority of the research has been done in order to solve the question of whether or not these psychological factors are present before an adolescent abuses alcohol, or after the alcohol abuse has occurred. In the research done by Rhode, Lewinsohn, and Seeley (1996), they used a community seek of 1,507 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The adolescents were classified into the categories of abstainers, experimenters, social drinkers, problem drinkers, and abuse and/or dependent groups. In this study, 373 subjects met the criteria for depression, 15 were bipolar, 93 suffered from manic core symptoms, and 124 had an anxiety disorder (Rhode et al., 1996). Furthermore, anxiety disorder and depression were psychological disorders that were more prevalent in female adolescents with alcohol abuse than their male counterparts. Males who abused alcohol tended to suffer from antiso... ...bsp indecent life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. Journal of the American Academy of pincer & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (12), 1744-1751.Clark, D., & Bukstein, O. (1998). Psychopathology in adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health & Research World 22 (2), 117-121.Epstein, J., Botvin, G., & Diaz, T. (1999). Impact of social influences and problem behavior on alcohol use among inner-city hispanic and caustic adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60 (5), 595-604.Rhode, P., Lewinsohn, P., & Seeley, J.R. (1996). Psychiatric comoribidity with problematic alcohol use in high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescen t Psychiatry 35 (1), 101-109. Adolescent Alcohol AbuseJuvenile Delinquency

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

Adolescent intoxicant AbuseWhat Factors are Present? Over the years, many researchers have dedicated their time and energy to read adolescent alcohol abuse. They have found that there are many factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse. These factors are psychological, environmental, social, and cultural. Not all of these factors play a part in every adolescent who abuses alcohol, but one of these factors is usually present. Psychological disorders have been found in both American, and Taiwan adolescents who abuse alcohol. The health risks of adolescent alcohol abuse are great. Alcohol affects the physiology of a young person. It disrupts the genetics and hormonal balances that are critical in the early development of youngsters. word of alcohol abuse is a great state of change and development. Many therapists, doctors and counselors are trying to incorporate new treatment ideas and methods into the traditional techniques that have been apply for years now. It is impor tant to research the factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse because if these factors are detected early, and an adolescent is put into a prevention program the likelihood that they will abuse alcohol will greatly decrease. Psychological Factors According to the research, there have been many psychological line of works found in adolescents who abuse alcohol. The majority of the research has been done in order to solve the question of whether or not these psychological factors are present before an adolescent abuses alcohol, or after(prenominal) the alcohol abuse has occurred. In the research done by Rhode, Lewinsohn, and Seeley (1996), they used a community sample of 1,507 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The adolescents were classified into the categories of abstainers, experimenters, social drinkers, problem drinkers, and abuse and/or dependent groups. In this study, 373 subjects met the criteria for depression, 15 were bipolar, 93 suffered fr om manic core symptoms, and 124 had an anxiety disorder (Rhode et al., 1996). Further more, anxiety disorder and depression were psychological disorders that were more prevalent in female adolescents with alcohol abuse than their male counterparts. Males who abused alcohol tended to suffer from antiso... ...bspadverse life events in adolescents with alcohol abuse and dependence. daybook of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (12), 1744-1751.Clark, D., & Bukstein, O. (1998). Psychopathology in adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health & Research World 22 (2), 117-121.Epstein, J., Botvin, G., & Diaz, T. (1999). Impact of social influences and problem behavior on alcohol use among inner-city hispanic and black adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 60 (5), 595-604.Rhode, P., Lewinsohn, P., & Seeley, J.R. (1996). psychiatrical comoribidity with problematic alcohol use in high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolesce nt Psychiatry 35 (1), 101-109. Adolescent Alcohol AbuseJuvenile Delinquency

Organisational Behaviour Case Study

Organisational behaviour investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour at heart organisations for the purpose of applying, such knowledge towards improving organisations effectiveness. (Robbins et. All, 2004, p. 9) Individuals shape organisations. Individuals values, attitudes, perceptions and motivations shape what each individual brings into an organisation, therefore shaping an organisation. Chua Sock Koong is a Singaporean, University graduate, who is tech-savvy and personable. Sock-Koong is a prime example of how values help shape an organisation. Singapore is a fast moving modernizing city.Chua is a product of that. Chua has leadership, communication roles and has adapted to her role. Chinese bus drivers for Singaporean Mass Transit are there purely for the money and how much money they can send back to chinaware for their families. When the Chinese drivers glide by with other workers, in the same industry, they get an insight into what c onditions and wage the others are experiencing. With this perception they see others much better off than them, this is when they rebel. They know that in China they protest and strike so with the feeling of being poor treated, they rebel in Singapore, which is non custom in Singapore.The migrant bus drivers do not have the same values, customs and believes that Chua Sock Koong has. Comparing Chua and the migrant bus drivers in regard to the joy and sorrows of work are complete opposites. When in a leadership role, like Chua, it is easy to find joy and satisfaction at bottom work. Money is a big factor in finding joy within work and how and why raft engage in work. Chinese migrant workers work purely for the money and for money to send back to their families, where as Chua is a university graduate with values, beliefs and personality. University graduates usually go to university to get a better job and earn better money.Being a CEO is a highly paid career. peoples values, belie fs and personality are a major factor in how people engage in work. Values shape who people are and how they act. How people engage in work are shaped by what personal values they have installed in their personality. How people behave why they do at work is directly linked to money, personality, values, and beliefs. Electronic communications such as texts, emails, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram are a major part of todays society. The exceed of friends communicate through these channels of communication.With these means of communication the way people communicate at work has changed dramatically. Before these means of communication were in holding people would actually have to talk face-to-face or over telephone. Now days emails, text messages, twitter messages and Facebook posts are the norm now in regards to how people communicate at work. These differences in values, beliefs and personality are what make Organisational behaviour so interesting. What shapes the way people intera ct, communicate, why they come to work, how they are when they are at work are directly shaped by values, beliefs and personality.

John Steinbeck “Of Mice and Men” Character Analysis Essay

When all of the cattle farm hands went into town, Lennie, Crooks, glass, and Curleys wife were remaining behind. This was due to discrimination and prejudice. While the bed cover hands were in town, the true similarities among the others really come protrude. One tin can see that they are left out and secluded due the fact that each one of them has either a physical or mental disability, or are considered trouble.In John Steinbecks novel, Lennie Small is a mentally handicapped man who traveled with George Milton. George had to speak for Lennie and do a lot of babysitting and view for him also. Crooks, the Negro stablebuck, had been injured when a horse kicked him. He had a hard time walking around because his back was hunched over and was very sore. With being a nigger, the tribal chief had a room just for him in the barn. Candy, the swamper, is an old man who had his hand injured in an accident on the ranch, making him partially handicapped. This quote shows how Candy has bec ome useless like his dog the best damn sheep-dog I ever seen.Curleys wife is a young, flirty lady who is ignored by many a(prenominal) of the ranchers because if they talk to her, they would get into trouble with Curley. Over the course of the novel, there is a lot of sexual prejudice towards Curleys Wife. With the fact that she lived on a ranch where the majority of people were men, she tended to get very lonely. The quote from George Ranch with a bunch of guys on it aint no place for a young lady is an example of the prejudice towards Curleys wife. Another part of the sexual prejudice towards her is the fact that none of the ranch hands will talk to her. Overall the ranch hands dont trust nor understand her. Some of the sexual prejudice she experienced was her fault, she scared the ranch hands with her femininity but she wasnt really a tart, she just craved attention that she didnt get from Curley. Being ignored by both the ranch hands and Curley she ended up very lonely, the on e thing she cherished most was to escape.When all things are considered, Lennie, Crooks, Candy, and Curleys wife are all left out due to a disability or for being a possible wick to start a fire. Lennie has a mental disability that slows him down some on his thinking process. Nobody wanted Lennie to go into town because he might do something stupid. Crooks and Candy both have a physical disability. With their disabilities, the other ranchers see them as useless because Candy has no hand, and Crooks has a hunched back. The ranchers also exclude Crooks because he is a nigger and at that time period, niggers were still considered to be trash, evening though slavery had been abolished. Curleys wife is left out because of the fact that she is very flirty and if she was to come along, Curley would be very irate.Crooks, Candy, and Curleys wife all gather from discrimination and prejudice which creates loneliness and isolation for each one of them. They learn to deal with their lonelines s by admiring Lennie and Georges friendship. Crooks experiences isolation due to the fact that the ball club he resided in was racist. A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an he gets sick was the way Crooks found a personal connection with Lennie by allow him know he understands how he feels when George is gone. Another quote Cause Im black, they play cards in there but I cant play because Im black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, all of you stink to me shows that Crooks would do anything to be accepted, but because of his comment he has to refrain from the urge.Throughout the story, there is a lot of discrimination and prejudice. Lennie, Crooks, Candy, and Curleys wife all deal with getting left out tour living their lives. Their similarities really show when they arent able to go places and are excluded. At times when they were excluded, they came to one another to cope with their lone liness. Each one of them wanted someone to care about them, to own their own place, and to belong somewhere.

A Cultural Comparison of English and Chinese Family Names

Abstract The family calls of pieces argon formed and used in the long process of the course of floor and the maturement of society. Family phones, being a part of culture, are closely related to history and culture. face and Chinese signalize calling are different in their origins and key societys, which is sealed to be reflected in their perspective culture.Therefore an exploration of their reflections in the cultural aspects of historical development, feudalisticistic history, historical tradition, historical square up and current social situation entrust be beneficial for the deepening of side of meat study and the mutual understanding and communication of the East and the West. Key sound outs Cultural comparison, English family lines, Chinese family names, Origin, Name order The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor).In general, it refers to human activity different definitions of culture reflect different theories fo r understanding, or criteria for valuing, human activity. Culture is traditionally the oldest human character, its significant traces separating Homo from australopithecines, and Man from the Animals, though new discoveries are blurring these edges in our day. Sir Edward B. Tylor wrote in 1871 that culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that hard whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of ociety while a 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value agreements, traditions and beliefs. UNESCO, 2002.It is in general accepted that language is part of culture. It carries culture, thus be influenced by culture. Names including fami ly names, which is a part of language, are accredited to reflect the distinct culture of the spate using it.This paper intends to start from the English and Chinese family names from the perspectives of the origin and order so as to reveal their reflections on their sustain culture. A family name (in Western contexts often referred to as a last name or surname) is part of a persons name indicating the family to which the person belongs. A family name is the most wakeless and most significant symbols showing the identification of the members of a society. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world, which means family names are part of culture.As farther as English and Chinese names are concerned, their cultural differences can be shown in the origins of their family names and the different orders of their names so as to induct us learn about the development history of a society or a nation and some other aspects of its culture, which is the purpose of th is paper intending to raise an analysis between English and Chinese family names from their cultures reflected. 1. Cultural reflections of the origins of family names If we trace back into the origins of Chinese family names, we can see that Chinese family names are closely related to the development history of the Chinese nation.According to legend, family names started with Emperor Fu Xi in 2852 BC. His administration standardized the naming system in order to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. For scientific documentation that matrilineal surnames existed in China before the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and that by the time of the Shang Dynasty they (Chinese surnames) had become patrilinea. Therefore, what we can learn starting time is that the ancestors of the Chinese nation came from primitive society.When the Chinese nation went into class society, the emperors had the supreme powers in their hands in awarding lands and fields to those ministers wh o performed meritorious service to their reigns, establishing formalized positions. Their supreme power was best exemplified in granting a surname to a person when he was alive or after his death. In addition, in feudal societies, the emperors names was a taboo on e rattling occasions. The origins of family names also showed that Chinese nation actually is combination of multiple nationalities, which is the same case for the British and American people.As for English family names, 226 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 11 November 2010 they have a relatively short history. Documents indicate that surnames were offshoot adopt among the feudal nobility and gentry, and only slowly spread to the other parts of society. In Britain, hereditary surnames were adopted in the 13th and 14th centuries, initially by the aristocracy barely eventually by everyone. By 1400, most English and Scottish people had acquired surnames, but many Scott ish and Welsh people did non adopt surnames until the 17th atomic number 6, or even later.Henry VIII (14911547) ordered that marital births be recorded under the surname of the father. The whole process lasted for 500 years. However, English family names differ from Chinese family names in their civilians consciousness, which can be shown in the casual choice of their family names for even a nickname, childhood name like Fox, Stout, Armstrong, Longfellow can be a persons family name. The origins of English family names can show their love for nature, respect for and sentimental attachment to everything in it. English family names like Bird, Lion, Swan, Wood, Wolf, Bush, Flower, Rose and Apple are such examples.Their family names also indicated that English people are characterised by the pursuit for novelty and oddness without an exclusion of their family names. According to a survey made in 1974, in that location were as many as 1,280,000 family names in America, among which to a big(p)er extent than 1/3 were those that had neer been used before, which was obviously a result of Americans unconventional and original personality. 2. Cultural reflections of the order of family names 2. 1 Reflection of perspective feudal history The nations with a name order of family names preceding addicted names ordinarily have a long feudal history.The Han nationality have a feudal history of more than 2,500 years, which started from the Western Zhou (1066 771 BC)or Eastern Zhou (770 256 BC) Chinese society to the Opium War in1839. However, the feudal history of those nations with a name order whose given names precede family names is relatively short. Great Britain is a case in point. It only had a short feudal history of several hundred years. From the 9th century to the 11th century, Britain was tranquilize on its way to feudalization and there exited a large number of free farmers.It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066, the feudal system was widely estab lished in Britain. However, only several hundred years later, in the 14th century, its feudal system was disinteg respectd. When it came to the 16th century, the capitalism was widely developed, which flat led to the British Bourgeois Revolution in the 17th century. To sum up, the feudal history of Britain is very short with no more than 500 years, but its capitalism was developed quite early. 2. 2 Reflection of perspective historical traditionThe nations with a name order of family names preceding given names usually have a long feudal history, in which there wasnt any democratic tradition and everything was determined by the will of the supreme emperors. Therefore, in those nations, given names which represent a person himself can only be put behind family names which stand for home ownership. In China, from the very beginning of family names, they were put before given names and the tradition lasted for more than 2,500 years. In these nations, although the choice of a persons gi ven names has perpetually been changing with the era, the order of names has always been stable.On the contrary, the British and American people had their democratic tradition even in the feudal reign, which made these nations strengthened more on individual roles. Therefore, their given name which stands for the individual himself was always put before their family name which is a representation of their family. 2. 3 Reflection of their historical influence Chinese name order has a direct influence on that of its neighbouring countries like Korea, Vietnam and Japan because of its 5,000 year history of civilization. Chinas naming system came into being as early as the reign of Emperor Fu Xi.Its neighbouring countries like Korea, Vietnam and Japan either had long been its dependent country or using Chinese characters as their own language. They were greatly influenced by its culture. Similarly, these countries all had a long feudal history, had no democratic tradition, bordered Chin a, used Chinese characters. Therefore it was no wonder that they were sure to be influenced Chinese cultures including naming system. However, the English name order was influenced by papistic Republic in its early time. Rome became a republic in about B. C. 510.From then on, the civilians had constant fights against nobility for their rights, which was the origin of their democratic tradition. Because at that time, ancient Rome was the number one civilized country in atomic number 63 and in the course of its development it constantly expanded its territories and formed its hegemony in the Mediterranean in the 2nd century B. C. , therefore, its democratic tradition had a great influence on the formation of the national psychology of the whole Europe. Ancient Romans name was spelled in Latin, and freemans name was formed by given name plus tribe or clan name, which was actually their family name.Take the famous Great Emperor Caesar of ancient Rome for example, his name was formed by three parts, that is Caius, Julius Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 227 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 11 November 2010 and Caesar. With the development of history, the middle name which was ones clan name disappeared with the diminishing power of clan. The Roman name order which strengthened individual role was widely accepted in the Miderterranean with its expansion in this area.The Latin language which was spoken by ancient Romans first replaced other languages in this area but then split into Italian, French, Portugese and Spanish with the fall of the Roman Empire. Because these languages all have Latin origin, its natural that the name order of the Latin language permeated into their languages. 3. Reflection of current social situation Family names are not only used for addressing people, they also reflect social realities at that time. In Chinas ancient Zhou Dynasty, having or not having a family name showed the contradictory rela tion between the ruling class and the working class.Before the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, Chinese women followed their husbands family name by abandoning their original family name, which showed the feudal prejudice against and bondage upon them. After the establishment of the P. R. C. , the social status of Chinese women has been greatly improved and been considered half sky, they can keep their own family name when they get married. However, in England and cultures derived from there, there has long been a tradition for a woman to change her surname upon marriage from her birth name to her husbands last name.From the first known US instance of a woman keeping her birth name, Lucy Stone in 1855, there has been a general increase in the rate of women keeping their original name. This has gone through periods of flux, however, and the 1990s saw a decline in the percentage of name retention among women. As of 2004, roughly 90% of American women automatically assum ed their husbands surname upon getting married. Even in families where the wife has kept her birth name, parents traditionally choose to give their children their fathers family name.Although in America, there was a great change for married women traditionally known as Mrs Husbands full name into a modern Mrs Husbands last name, the incompleteness of womens liberation can still be shown from this. To sum up, family names are not only a sign for a person but reflect culture from different aspects. And a comparison of English and Chinese family names can make us learn about the cultural differences shown from the origins and name orders, which is good for the deepening of the study of English as well as helps to promote the mutual understanding and communication of the East and the West.

Antitrypsin Deficiency: The Genetic Disorder

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AAD) was first described in 1963, and of the five patients identified, three were found to imbibe severe pulmonary emphysema at an early age. Subsequent studies that the deficiency was inherited, and in most of the early studies, emphysema and chronic bronchitis were reciprocal features.The deficiency was shown to be associated with a marked reduction in the ability of the plasma to inhibit the serine proteinase trypsin, and later studies showed that this also reflected an inability of the serum to inhibit the enzyme neutrophil elastase (Pauwels, Postma, and Weiss, 2004 p.446). Human neutrophil elastase was shown to produce twain emphysema and chronic bronchial complaint in animal models. Emphysema can be directly inherited via a single gene defect. The catching disorder, known as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, results from a defective gene transmitted by each parent equally to the affected offspring. This gene codes for the enzyme antitrypsin, which, when deficient, results in the loss of standard lung elasticity and in progressive overinflation and destruction of lung tissue.Antitrypsin deficiency is also the most common heritable cause of childhood liver disease (cirrhosis) and the most common reason for liver transplantation in children. A family history of early onset emphysema or childhood liver disease points toward this diagnosis, which can be confirmed by DNA analysis. DNA testing can be used to detect carriers of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency as well as to facilitate antepartum diagnosis for a couple found to be carriers, who face a 25 percent risk of having an affected child (Millunsky, 2001 p. 128-129). Scope and LimitationsAAD is one of the rarest diagnosed suss outs in our current time hence, focused study of such condition is essential. The case study involves the subject of pathological conditions linked with the condition of progression of defective genetic manifestations. Utilizing physiological and g enetical approach, we shall midpoint into the discussion of the disease causation, processes and manifestations involved. It is indeed essential to employ the principles of wellness and its components. The following shall be utilized in the overall study. A.To be able to determine and elaborate the actual disease processes involved, as well as the disease conditions manifested B. To be able to relate genetic causalities and factors in the aspects of disease progression utilizing the domains, components, and principles of wellness C. To be able to provide necessary health interventions, suggest enhancing lifestyle modifications and preventive behaviors related to the condition imposed Purpose of the ascertain The value significance of this study provides awareness to the public especially in terms of what can these contributing factors impregnate to the condition occurrence.Most likely, the degenerative character of AAD is really much rehabilitated if this awareness is enhanced th rough education. The study mainly expands health awareness on both AAD patients and non-patients who are greatly may or other exposed in factors that contribute to its genetic occurrence. Moreover, the knowledge on this topic may further aid the patients and those involved in the reduction of anxiety and ignorance of the condition imposed. Discussion The Functions of ? 1-Antitrypsin and Involved MediatorsBlood and other body fluids contain a serum protein classified as an alpha-a globulin that is capable of neutralizing trypsin and many other proteolytic (protein digesting) enzymes such as fibrinolysis and thrombin (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39 Crowley, 2004 p. 399). This specialized protein is called alpha-1 antitrypsin, and its concentration in the blood is generally determined. Most individuals produce normal amounts of antitrypsin, others are severely deficient, and a third group have subnormal levels of this protein (Crowley, 2004 p. 399).?1-Antitrypsin (AA) is an inhibitor of serine protease in general but its most important targets are neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3, proteases released by activated neutrophils. Several line of demonstration suggest that inhibition of these neutrophil proteases is the major physiologic function of AA (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39). First, individuals with AAD are susceptible to premature development of emphysema, a lesion that can be induced in experimental animals by instillation of excessive amounts of neutrophil elastase.These observations have led to the concept that destructive lung disease may result from the perturbation of the net labyrinthine sense of elastase and AA within the local environment of the lung. Second, the kinetics of association for AA and neutrophil elastase are more favorable, by several orders of magnitude, than those for AA and any other serine protease. Third, AA constitutes more than 90% of the neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity in one body fluid that has been examined, pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549).AA is the archetype of serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) supergene family. Its primary function is inhibition during the troops response to inflammation/tissue injury, for which it has been termed a hepatic acute-phase reactant (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549 Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p. 39). AA acts competitively by allowing its target enzymes to bind directly to a subrate-like region within its reactive center loop. The reaction between enzyme and inhibitor is essentially second order, and the resulting complex contains one molecule of each of the reactants (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p.39 Fessler, reiley and Sugarbaker, 2004 p. 155). A reactive-site peptide bond within the inhibitor is hydrolyzed during the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Hydrolysis of this bond however, does not sustain to completion (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, p. 549). The predominant site of synthesis o f plasma AA is in located biologically in the liver wherein in most clearly shown by transition of plasma AA to the donor phenotype after orthoptopic liver transplantation (Bross and Gregersen, 2003 p.39 Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, 2007 p. 551). It is synthesized in human hepatoma cells as a 52-kDa precursor undergoes post translational, dolichol phosphate-linked glycosylation at three asparagines residues, and undergoes tyrosine sulfation. It is secreted as a 55-kDa native single-chain glycoprotein with a half time for secretion of 35 to 40 minutes (Suchy, Sokol, and Balistreri, 2007 p. 551). The absence or insufficiency of AA initiates genetic anomaly in terms of failure to suppress immunity response (Porth, 2007 p. 501).

Ethan Frome Essay

Would you take a put on the line that would change the rest of your life for temporary feelings? If one took the risk and chose to, the effects of it could be everlasting. In the novel Ethan Frome written by Edith Wharton and the poem When we deuce parted by Lord Bryon the main characters are faced with the consequences of acting on their wrongful feelings. Sometimes people are faced with the issue of trying to hide the love they truly feel in order to sustenance the peace that is needed. In the novel Ethan Frome written by Edith Wharton, the main character Ethan is faced with the immense issue of catching feelings for an some other woman, other than his wife.This causes a huge conflict not only within himself, that also with the other people that are involved as well. It gets to the point where both Ethan and Mattie dont think they could ever be happy if they were not together forever. Ethan once said Whats the good of either of us going anywhere without the other one now. The y know its not likely for them to be, so Ethan comes up with the plan to commit suicide. If Ethan had to think of such a dark idea he most definitely has to be depressed. Being in love should never bring along thoughts and ideas like those. If Ethan did not fuck off such feelings for Mattie none of this could have happened.He just had to have Mattie though and get rid of his wife because he could not stand it anymore. Society wont let these two be together because Ethan is a married man. Ethan should know better than to start liking his wifes cousin. You could call Ethan selfish, one could also argue that you dissolvet run across who you fall for. Symbolism is a plays a big role in the story. One symbol is the last sled ride. Normally a person can control the sleigh, but in the case Ethan just lost all control and didnt even try to take control of the situation. Just like the love triangle with him, Zeena and Mattie.It shows that he couldnt escape the issue. He lets society and o ther burdens make decisions for him. unfortunately in the case because of feelings thither was a life lost due to the fact of the confidential affair that should never have went on. The poem When we two parted, by Lord Byron, portrays ones feelings when they are modify with such emotions of love and confusion. The person in the poem is dealing with the reality of having a relationship that is real toxic. In line 25 they say, In secret we met, in silence I grieve. From this line the reader can really feel the strong emotions that are spoken with these words.Even though he got the blessedness of seeing the person for a small amount of time they still have to deal with the feelings after. Its even harder because now the person cant even talk about it because no one is supposed to know. Now they have to keep it bottled up inside for a long time, which is never good. A specific literary element that ties in very well with this poem is mood. The author made the overall mood to come a cross as very depressing and dark. In line three they use the words like half broken-hearted, and in line thirteen broken. By using these words it really sets the mood for the whole poem.In the poem there is more harm showing then actual good and love because of this relationship. This person is not get what they need in a healthy relationship. When one knows from the start they are not suppose to have feelings for a particular person it leads to nothing but heartbreak. In the novel Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton and the poem When We Two Parted, by Lord Bryon these characters chose their own fate due to their feelings. The authors of these two works of literature felt so strong about this idea because they know how many people could relate to this very personal issue.

Employment and Unemployment

The employment rate means the number of people that is presently employed divided by the population of on the job(p) age. Unemployment is a situation where labour force participants argon avaible, willing to work and actively looking for a job exactly are unable to get under ones skin any jobs. Labor force is defined as the people above the age of 16 and older who are employed or are actively seeking employment. Unemployment rate can be calculated by dividing the number of unemployed with the labor force.Changes in unemployment depend mostly on inflows made up of non-employed people starting to look for jobs, of employed people who lose their jobs and look for new ones and of people who stop looking for employment. The cause of unemployment in Malaysia varies. There are four types of unemployments, which include cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and seasonal unemployment. Cyclical unemnployment of Malaysia happens when there is lack of jobs d ue to the downswing in a business stave or a recession.Due to this economy declines, the number of job layoffs crossways the world is rising extremely. The International Labor Organization affirmed that up to 51 billion jobs worldwide could be eliminated due to the recession. Malaysia is no exception. Normally with an unemployment rate of 2% to 2. 5%, could rise to 4. 5% in that cross year. Since January 2009 about 10,000 Malaysians perplex been jobless. some other problem that causes the increasing of unemployment rate of Malaysia is that there are so many new job seekers each and every year.Research shows that every year there are 600,000 new job seekers in Malaysia. This is when the frictional unemployment happens which people are in between jobs, entering and reentering the labor force. For example when people quit their jobs for a go against position or higher wages or when fresh graduates are actively seeking for jobs. Even though these people are not working, but they a re counted as part of the labor force because they are searching for jobs.It is stated that structural unemployment is when jobs are available but the unemployed does not have the skills to fill these jobs. In Malaysia, the case is quite the opposite. There are many highly-qualified candidates, but they are too embarrassed to take on low-paying jobs, although a local spokesperson says that job seekers should accept whatever job positions they can get. That would decrease the number of people seeking jobs, which would decrease unemployment based on frictional and structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment takes place hen seasonal variations happens during the activities of particular industries caused by climatic changes, changes in fashions or by the intrinsic nature of such industries. In Malaysia, there are a lot of opportunities in the plantation sector. With the typical weather of Malaysia, people in the plantation sector are able to scram crops all year round. Nonetheless , seasonal unemployment still takes place. For example, the sugar industry is seasonal in the sense that the crushing of sugar-cane is done only in a particular season. Such seasonal industries are bound to give rise to seasonal unemployment.

The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits

Milton Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits In the article, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Profits, Friedman states that businessmen believe that they argon fend for free enterprise when they proclaim that business is not concerned merely with gelt but also with promoting desirable amicable ends. This social responsibility is define as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is the belief that corporations owe a greater duty to their communities and stakeholders by having a social conscience. This, among other things, includes being environmentally responsible, contributing to non-profit organizations, and eliminating discrimination. Friedman argues that wholly people can behave responsibilities but that businesses as a whole cannot, as they are not persons. Since the corporate executive is an employee of the shareholders, and indeed only responsible to his employers. The corporate executive has primary responsibil ity to his employers to conduct business as they see fit, and manage the business to create the most profit season following the basic rules of the society.It is then seen that the corporate executive is acting as a public employee, while serving shareholders and should be say by those shareholders how to spend their money. However, Friedman acknowledges that managers of corporations, while serving shareholders, are also people in their own right and may have their own social responsibilities that do not always follow those of the owners of the corporation. In that case, if the manager chooses to act based on his own beliefs instead of the direction of the shareholders, he is not performing in the best interests of the shareholders and is spending the customers money. This has a direct financial impact to both customer and employees. This can lead to the managers termination as he has not performed as directed by the shareholders by not making as much money as possible. It is also discussed that because society is a collection of individuals, there are individuals that can coerce others to conform to certain social norms and while others may not agree, they can be overruled and then must conform. This then leads to a political mechanism which can regulate how corporations operate and dictate their social responsibility, which, in theory, would extend the cope of the political mechanism. Friedman believes that a political mechanism is not necessary to achieve social responsibility because in a free society, there is one and only one social responsibility of businessto use its resources and manoeuver in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engage in open and free competition without fantasy or fraud. One question that can be posed from Friedmans article is whether shareholders should prioritize the responsibilities that managers have as their agents.While we can acknowledge that shar eholders invest in a corporation to make a profit and that managers are hired to maximize those profits, it is the responsibility of the shareholders to provide guidelines to those managers and prioritize his/her responsibilities. While we can assume that the first priority of the shareholders would be to maximize profits for the corporation, subsequent priorities could fall within the guidelines of community outreach, exceeding legal obligations or being environmentally sensitive.If we presume that corporations cull to be socially responsible, we should expect shareholders to provide policies and procedures to their managers. Without these, what responsibility does the manager have outside of maximizing profits? As Friedman suggests, the manager could be compelled to act on his own beliefs and moral obligations to his community, church or charitable organization. But, since these would be at his discretion, what check and balances would he have with the shareholders? Would he be using money other returned back to the shareholders and supporting organizations that are opposed by the shareholders?Because corporations are established to profit and shareholders invest money with expectations of a greater return, managers cannot be given a directive to be socially responsible without providing specific criteria of checks and balances to which needs to adhere. Therefore, it is imperative to the success of a corporation for managers to not act solely but sooner to act within the policies of the shareholders. What Friedman implies is that shareholders should only be concerned with maximizing profits and not be obligated to be socially responsible. In that case, the manager would only have one priority, to maximize profits. However, what if that manager headstrong that social endeavors is the best option to maximize profits? This would make the corporation socially responsible while still maintaining maximum profits. The argument presented by Friedman in this case is that while the manager is performing as expected by maximizing profits, this type of social responsibility is frequently a cloak for actions that are justified on other grounds rather than a reason for those actions. This cloak refers to corporations acting socially responsible but for the sole purpose of making profits rather than performing such endeavors for the sole purpose of benefiting society. An example would be a solar company providing free electrical energy to a campus in exchange for use land to promote their environmentally aware product. However, what they dont tell you is that the electricity is being sold back to the power company for a profit. The perception is that the company has a social conscience when in reality it is being through for profits.While I agree with Friedmans assessment that managers, as employees of shareholders, are responsible for maximizing profits, I disagree that corporations should only comply with governmental policies and should not a bsorb policies to be socially responsible. At the time Friedman wrote this article, western democracies and communist countries of Europe were in the middle of the Cold War and the idea of a global scrimping was not as prevalent in society as it is now.Consumers in those countries leaned towards buying locally over buying foreign products. Since the end of the Cold War, consumers have changed purchased habits to buy products from companies, regardless of their country of origin if it were the best product. However, this led to the matter of public opinion towards corporations playing a larger role in how sound they integrate themselves into a community or help preserve the environment is a factor in how consumers choose to purchase products.For instance, if a company is considered green, it is determined to the environmentally friendly. This would lead consumers who support environmental protection to lead towards purchasing products from that company. Therefore, I believe that c orporations take into account public opinion when deciding on whether to enact social responsible measures and that these measures are above and beyond the minimum requirements established by governing agencies.I am also convinced that shareholders, more today than ever, budget funds to contribute to socially acceptable contributions and directing managers how to spend these. It is my opinion that due to public opinion and a global influence on corporations, that a successful free market cannot be judged solely by the financial gain of a corporation, but in conjunction with how these corporations influence cocksure changes in society.

Personality Assessment Instruments Essay

Personality Assessment creatures ar comprised of theories and techniques to measure an individuals disposition traits. The traditional psychoanalytic theories provide a framework for understanding negative behavior as well(p) as concepts that predict future behavioral outcomes. Because of the possibility of predictive soulality traits, career counselors and organizations use up utilize constitution assessment instruments to screen assertable employers for qualification.In addition, character assessment instrument have overly been utilize to detect dis avered personalities or other unresolved issues that cause negative behavior patterns in an individual. In this paper I will discuss three Personality Assessment Instruments widely used in measuring an individuals personality Myer-Briggs Type power, inkblot seek Inkblot Test and self-importance religious service books. I will discuss the validity, comprehensiveness, pertinence and cultural utility of these personality asse ssments in also examine the strengths and weaknesses of why some work and some do non.The strength and weaknesses of each personality assessment instrument is key in understanding which instrument is appropriate to use. Myer-Briggs Type index finger Largely based on Carl Jungs Theory of Personality, The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was created by Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myer, during WWII to evaluate personality types to know where to blank women entering the industrial workforce. The MBTI would assess women for jobs they were best qualified for.Seeing how successful the MBTI was in placing women in the workforce, straightaway it is still used as an assessment instrument by career counselors and organizations for team building (McCaulley, 2000). The MBTI is a self-report, forced-choice questionnaire. The letters represent the respective personality types which have 16 unique possible outcomes. The test has astir(predicate) 100 questions with only two choices to pick from. MBTI divides an individuals personality into four areas (McCaulley, 2000)1. Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I) . Sensing (S) or intuition (N) 3. Thinking (T) or feeling (F) 4. Judging (J) or perceiving (P) This denture is an important factor in determining the dominant, auxiliary, tertiary and inferior behaviors of the individual (McCaulley, 2000). distri scarceively individual is deliberate by the four-letter type formula. Each group of letters reveals the dominant function of the individual and followed by the auxiliary. Each of the 16 combination of letters explains the persons personality and what area they best function in. inkblot test Inkblot TestHermann inkblot test, Swiss psychiatrist, created ill-defined designs on paper using ink. After much trial and error, inkblot test settled on 10 inkblot cards used to show to unhurrieds and illicit a repartee. It was determined that assorted patients in a event psychiatric group gave different solutions. The test was created to understand the mind of an individual. During the assessment, the patient is sh suffer a card and is expected to explain the thoughts that come to mind when analyzing the card (Cerv unmatchable, 2010). The test-giver waits to see the type of response that comes from the patient.And the question of how the patient responds or perceives the inkblot determines the type of personality the patient may have. If the patients response matches the inkblot structures intended meaning, then the patients thoughts are geared towards their reality. If the patients response does not correspond with the inkblot then the patient is perceived to have a dysfunctional personality. Self-Help Books widely popular, Self- dish out books are a great way for a person to understand psychological disorders and possible treatments. at that place are a variety of books scripted by scholars and psychologist who have d one(a) extensive work in their area of expertise. Many tribe who are skepti cal about going to therapy choose self-help books as a way to self-administer treatment (Redding et. al, 2008). The problem people face when relying on these books for help is that there is no discourse to make sure that the person understands what they are reading. Also, the books faecesnot assess the person to see if they can help the person like the MBTI and inkblot test Inkblot do.There is no way to measure if the particularised book can help the person. Personality Assessments from Theory to Practice In this next section I will examine the validity, comprehensiveness, applicability and cultural utility. Throughout my research I have discovered that some critics have argued that each of these personality assessment instruments have weaknesses that do not support what it claims to produce. Others critics have sh have the strengths in these widely used personality assessment to be applied in various cultures that have shown consistent scoring.Validity One of the close widely u sed personality assessment instruments is self-help books. They are easily accessible by most people seeking to resolve psychological issues. However, it is difficult to say if what the writer proposes to be a solution whole caboodle effectively for the reader (Redding et. al. , 2008). The problem with the validity of self-help books is that not all are written by victor psychologist. Often people are faced with serious psychological disorders that they wish to resolve on their own as argue to therapy (Redding et. l, 2008).Another issue with self-help books is that they do not test people to see if they have applied the information coming from the book to the area in their manner where they face challenges nor can it arrest the exact disorder a person is dealing with. I would have to say that the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator holds the most validity out of the three personality assessment instruments and is the most favored. The MBTI has been tested and based on the 16 different p ossible personality types most people have fallen under one of the combinations.The MBTI follows the theory of personality traits by Carl Jung. Jungs theory distinguishes two dichotomous pairs of cognitive behavior extroversion and introversion (McCaulley, 2008). The MBTI has been shown to be successful in determining an individuals personality that fits a specific career or in organizing groups for team building. On the other hand, when a person has been assessed using the inkblot test inkblot test, disordered personality can be revealed thru extensive testing. The validity of the Rorschach inkblot test as but argued that there is a bias in the testing because Hermann Rorschachs training was in psychoanalytical theories.Another problem that arises with the Rorschach in examining its validity is the scoring of the test. Many of the scorers give a high score to the test taker if their response matches those of previous scorers (Sendin, 2010). Comprehensiveness Self-help books focus on an areas in an individuals life such as alcohol addictions, Attention Deficit Disorder, How to deal with a Break-Up. And while the books can be informative the theory behind the solution must be examined.Most self-help books are written in the opinion of the generator writing the book. Some of these opinions may not be in conformation with the readers background so it is difficult to say if the reader is able to comprehend what the author is conveying (Redding et. al, 2008). It also depends only what the reader is looking for. If the reader is open to alternative solutions as opposed to traditional one then the book will help but because a person is not tested on the self-help books they are reading it is hard to determine how comprehensive the book is.MBTI has 16 possible personality types that this world-wide instrument uses to address issues faced by individuals, groups and family centering that are challenged with communication, career planning, learning and life -long de velopment (McCaulley, 2000). When assessing an individuals personality not only is this helpful in career counseling but also when determining why individuals or family members are having communication problems. Applicability Self-help books can be easy to understand. Some of the methods are broken down in simple steps that anyone can apply.However, if one wants to assess the type of personality that can handle a certain job the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator is more appropriate to use. This assessment instrument has been used by career counselors and employers to match individuals to specific studies or industries (McCaulley, 2008). I would not recommend using the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator when assessing an individuals personality for disorders. The Rorschach Inkblot has been a successful instrument in examining the mind of a person (Cervone, 2010).However, the Rorschach inkblot was constructed according to Hermann Rorschachs training in psychoanalytical theory. Cultural Utility Each culture is made of its own belief system and traditions. What applies in one culture may not necessarily apply in another. Some assessments can be used in most cultures and give the same results across the board. However, not all cultures will accept the theories behind the assessment. The issues that I have noticed in researching the MBTI and Rorschach Inkblot test is that in applying to different cultures there has been challenges faced by psychologist.For one, psychologists have not had extensive training in cultural diversity. Nor have they had training in language. Most ethnic low income groups have had poor health service in which there has been a misdiagnosis due to language barrier (Dana, 2000). Also to consider are groups who come from another country and have different views on the cordial health system. For example, in administering the MBTI and Rorschach Inkblot test to Russian Jews challenges are faced because of their cultural belief.Russian Jews are highly suspiciou s of mental health professionals and find it difficult to believe that community health agencies do not have ties to the authorities (Dana, 200). As a result, they deny any mental health issues. The fear that exists with Russian Jews is because of the way they apothegm the Soviet Government force people to commit to a mental health institute (Dana, 2000). Consequently, self help books have been successful in reaching a mass audience because books have been produce in various languages. ConclusionAs you can see Personality Assessment Instruments have been very(prenominal) useful in helping to examine an individuals personality for career choices, in team building and examining a disorder. However, specialist have has revealed their weaknesses and show that these instruments cannot be applied in any dapple without further investigation. Each personality assessment instrument is unique with its own characters. In order to be able to better serve the mental health industry only a p articular assessment can be used for a specific analysis.

Iom Report Impact on Nursing

Difference Between Nurses at the Associate vs. Baccalaureate Degree train To this day there are three types of programs that exist to allow an individual to practice as an RN the diploma, the Associate course, and the Baccalaureate floor. The diploma r bulgee is a hospital based program that prepares an individual to mold for the NCLEX-RN. It is usually a two to three year program. It prepares the student for nursing jobs for delivering direct enduring awe in the hospital or other in patient of setting.The fellow route RN is typically a two-year program that focuses on teaching the student technical nursing skills with basic didactics requirements in math, science, and English. It prepares the student for entry-level nursing jobs in hospitals and inpatient facilities. The baccalaureate route RN holds the higher level of education in nursing. It is achieved through a more rigorous educational study through research and evidence-based practices that prepares them for lead and management positions. In comparing the associate degree declare vs. he baccalaureate degree nanny-goat, in order to increase patient safety, the associate degree nurse should attain their baccalaureate degree for calibration in with our continually changing wellness care systems. In looking back in history, the associate degree of nursing (ADN) was designed by Mildred Montag in 1952 to help the nursing shortage as a collegiate alternative (Creasia and Friberg, 2011, p. 27). It started as a pilot project at seven sites that has now large to be very successful and desir able when compared to the 4-year baccalaureate route.The 2-year associate degree route is sought out more for its cost effectiveness while achieving the same goal of being able to take the NCLEX-RN for licensure. in particular as studies from the Committee of the American Society of nurse Service Administration noted that they saw no difference among start practitioners from BSN, ADN, or diploma programs (Schank and Stollenwerk, 1988, p. 254). The key word here is beginning practitioner, there is no difference between the performances of the two.However, if an individual desires to advance in their nursing career, the associate degree separates the baccalaureate degree holding RN from a higher position and pay for example in a managerial or supervisory role. The baccalaureate degree was intended by the ANA to be the entry point into master copy nursing practice (ANA, 1965). Those who choose the BSN route are prepared to practice nursing in beginning leadership positions. In order to take on a leadership role, the baccalaureate holding nurse needs to have a more in depth education with skills in communication, leadership, and censorious persuasion.The inclusion body of public health in the BSN program requires a nurse to be adequately knowledgeable to naturalize beyond the individual onto the communities and population. Not only is the BSN nurse able to communicate beyond the individual alone also best(p) able to collaborate with those holding higher educational degrees as well. Being able to communicate clearly the knowledge learned, through critical thinking based on evidence-based practices is what differentiates an associate degree from a baccalaureate degree nurse. Because of these qualities, it also affords them the ability to take on leadership roles.Higher education enables BSN nurses to go outside the small circle of practice. Studies have shown that patient outcomes can be attributed to higher levels of nursing education. to a greater extent knowledge enhances the nurses concept of nursing as a employment to better adapt to a continually changing health care environment. More knowledge enhances the nurses concept of nursing as a profession to better adapt to a continually changing health care environment and by having see in research of evidence-based practices gives the nurse a firm foundation. Their knowledge is broader to help promote positive pat ient outcomes (Spencer, 2008, p. 08). In one study they found a 10% increase in proportion of BSN nurses was associated with a 5% decrease in likelihood of death (Ridley, 2008, p. 152). One aspect of the BSN student that the ADN student does not acquire is delving into evidence based practices. The BSN nurse, therefore, is transitioned from the basic clinical aspects of nursing from the individual patient onto a broader spectrum. look enables the RN to become more reflective by evaluating past clinical experiences, honing in on critical thinking skills to help better understand our changing healthcare environment.In evaluating the table from the studies of the Examples of Activities included in the 1999 RN figure Analysis with Average Frequencies of Performance (Smith, 2002, p. 493), I found that the tasks that required more critical thinking and collaboration with higher disciplinary teams, were slightly higher amongst the BSN group. The average of 3. 73(BSN) vs. 3. 40 (ADN) woul d consult with other health care providers about client care, average 3. 15 (BSN) vs. 2. 92 (ADN) would act as the clients advocate, and 0. 85 (BSN) vs. 0. 5 (ADN) would plan and develop a health promotion program based on a fraternity assessment (Smith, 2002, p. 493). Many of the activities shown on the table reflect that there were not many differences among the ADN and BSN nurse. The BSN nurse has better communication skills would collaborate with other disciplinary teams and act more often as a patient advocate. Because the BSN nurse also has a more rich understanding of evidence based practices and research, he/she would be more likely assist in developing a health promotion program.In conclusion, even though it is more cost efficient in obtaining an associates degree or even diploma to peg down for RN licensure, the baccalaureate degree should be the standard goal. Our health care system is continually changing, it is the responsibility of the nurse to also strive to grow wi th our environmental changes by achieving higher education. Not only does the BSN nurse qualify for higher positions in the health care system, but it also produces better patient outcomes. References American Nurses Association. (1965). A position paper. New York, NY American Nurses Association 1965. Creasia, J.L. , & Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations The Bridge to Professional nursing Practice, 5th Edition. , 2011. Pageburst Online. Web. 21 February 2013 . Ridley, R. T. (2008). The Relationship Between Nurse Education Level and Patient Safety An Integrative Review. Journal of Nursing Education, 47, 149-156. Retrieved from http//ehis. ebscohost. com. library. gcu. edu2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=e2ae0a10-62a7-418b-ab46-32ad87faa068%40sessionmgr113&vid=4&hid=3 Schank, M. J. , & Stollenwerk, R. (1988, June 1, 1988). The Leadership/Management Role A Differentiating Factor for ADN/BSN Programs?Journal of Nursing Education, 27, 253-257. Retrieved from http//ehis. ebscohos t. com. library. gcu. edu2048/eds/detail? sid=f2a65c9b-fb18-4dd4-ba84-717a1f32bb14%40sessionmgr4&vid=5&hid=102&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3ddb=rzh&AN=1988078948 Smith, J. E. (2002). Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation. Journal of Nursing Education, 41, 491-494. Retrieved from http//ehis. ebscohost. com. library. gcu. edu2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=a9aecc8d-204c-4c13-b26c-12ce8475eea0%40sessionmgr111&vid=4&hid=4

Moral panic

The public has always employmentd the Mass Media as the primary source of development about most topics especially crime. The Mass Media has the power to convey messages and ideas to a large audience solely how truthful or factual these messages are has long been a debate of sociologist, due to news circulate being so criminogenic for example, Ericson et al (1987). Study of news-making in Toronto found that a remarkably high isotropy of news was about deviance and control.Ranging from 45. % in newspaper to 71. 5% on radio stations. ( Maguire,Morgan and Reiner 2012, p. 248) thereof this use of Media may create fear amongst the public which in turn seduces Moral panic and Folk Devils. Therefore I will outline and Illustrate the term Moral Panic and the effect it has on the public, overly aiming to show the role the Media plays in creating panic. Moral panicis a term use to describe groups or subculture as a threat to the way of life for societys, norms and values.There are seve ral organisations who claims a oral crack-up such as the Mass Media, Politicians and churches(Tim Newburn 2013, p. 96). Stanley Cohens research into the Mods and Rockers gave a clear view of the media classifying these subcultures as abnormal and creating panic amongst the public. Cohens had three main ideas to illustrate how Moral Panic was created during the 1960s. Firstly Exaggeration and Distortion. The exaggeration of earnestness. the proportion engaged in violence. Secondly Prediction. Media coverage regularly assumed so farts would be even worse.Lastly Symbolisation Mods and Rockers appearance became associated with delinquency and deviant behaviour. (Tim Newburn 2013, p. 97). This indicates that the Medias use of emotive language used in broadcast and newspapers created Folk Devils of these subcultures and wide scale panic in Britain and subsequently creating stigma towards Mods and Rockers. moreover there has been criticism of the Moral Panic Theory. Jewkes (2004) sta tes that the audience may not be as capable to the Moral Panic as Cohen mentioned. Tim Newburn 2013, p. 101).This indicates that the public are more aware of issues in society and are able to think rationally without becoming fearful of news reports. Secondly an occasional over-reading of the extent of panickyness in media representations. This demonstrates that Cohen had no real evidence to prove that moral panics created panic amongst society, as it would be difficult to neb the level of concern throughout communities. To conclude Moral Panic may sometimes be created by the Mass-Media through the se of emotive and sensationalised heading to make a story more entertaining or appealing to its audience.Through this process they create fear amongst the public and stigmatize subcultures which in turn may cause these social groups to be the truth out for themselves and come to their own conclusion without relying on the media as a primary source of information.

Is the war on terrorsim just Essay

In this radical I argue that contend against act of terrorism is no just provided some warfare sight be just as long as it follows the theory of a just war. As senescent as early civilizations, war played a significant role in the political perceptual constancy and security of the society. It has been a central feature of civilisation throughout recorded time. (Evans, 1). Although war is seen as bowelless and mor solelyy destructive, still it was considered as an effective way of argue and even promoting civilization. It was excessively affaird by the major religions of this knowledge domain such as Islam and Christianity to spread their faith.In every war, we cant track the fact that in that location is a political motive behind the heroic reason of its leaders. Being plague by nature, there are a lot of arguments regarding the chaste aspect of war. According to La Vitta Cattolica, the make do is whether the nature of traditional war is still applicable with the mo dern one. Their stand is it is still the same when it comes to the extremity of its fatality. They described it as a lethal contest, fed by hatred, physical violence is unleashed in all its brutality. (Elshtain, 108). Is war really for the benefit of hatful or is just another way of exploiting kind-heartedness? in that respect is in like manner a question regarding the extent of its necessity. Nowadays, there are standards to fulfil if a country wants to restrain in war. Although a term such as just war was derived from this war controversy, still justness is still a question. It is because the provisions of this just war theory is not fulfilled. Until now, we can say that there is no such war in our chronicle that fulfilled those provisions. Meanwhile, war is also in the history of Christian church building. When we look at the teachings of Christianity, we can say that it is against the ideas of Jesus Christ.As we read the gospel, it was clearly compel by Christ that each of us should love one another even our enemy. As a matter of fact, Nicolas I said that was is al ways satanic to its origin. (Elshtain, 113). Even Christ himself set an example of being a promoter of peace. But later on, the said faith needs to adapt to the changing world and the result is the use of war to defend the faith. During the 4th and 5th century, Christians were obliged to do military service. This policy was change during the middle ages but later on, the Church became involved with crusades.(Elshtain, 113). Here we can see that war is really inevitable. Although war is inevitable, still a nation or state should do alterative ways to defend themselves. Even if the motive of engaging in war is good the casualties that it bequeath cause to humanity is great. In previous wars, a lot of innocent lives were brutality killed. It will be reasonable if those people were oppressors or enemy of the states but those people were ordinary citizens that needs to be protected. As sai d by Thucydides, The strong do as they can while the weak suffer for what they moldiness (Chomsky, 1).It is the strong forces church as political and military forces who initiated the war but sadly, the civilians who have nothing to do with their decisions suffer from its consequences. As a state it is the responsibility of the government to promote the welfare of its people by letting them escort political security. One way of ensuring political security is through defending a state from extraneous invaders. But it doesnt mean that war is the only option to defend one state. For me, war should be the last option of the state and apart from selfish political reason the welfare of the people should be the main motive.When it comes to war against terrorism, I believe that it is not just because it doesnt apply to just war theory. What is a just war? In a traditional sense, it denotes a specific body of virtuousistic doctrine found in Christianity. (Evans, 2). It means that the fait h that promotes peace love for enemies also adopted the use of war to secure the faith. In modern times, a just war means follo temptg true ethical consideration before engaging in a war. In other words, actions are evaluated in terms of range of the uniformly consequence. (Chomsky, 7). It means that a just war should create a lesser physical and moral damage.It also means that engaging in a just war is like choosing the lesser evil. though within war there may be many acts of heroism, just war theory cannot then, be said to glorify war or be blind of its moral horrors. (Evans, 10). asunder from that, just like other kinds of war, it involves anguish and interrogation of innocent civilians. One way of justifying the war against terrorism is the idea that it protects the people from fatal terrorist attacks. Nowadays, terrorist attacks which is most leafy vegetablely in a form of bombing kills a lot of innocent civilians.Other than that terrorist attacks can affect a nations ec onomy that is why there are still doubts whether war against terrorism is really for people. Because the political stability of a states is also threatens by terrorist attacks, there is the possibility that the security of civilians is not the primary concern. Let us look at the condition of war theory and see whether the war against terrorism is a just war. First, the cause must be just and the justice of the cause is sufficiently great. Next, one must be confident that it will not yield long term consequences longer than the status quo.Obviously, it should be the last resort and moral standards should not be compromised. We can say that the first two conditions apply to the war against terrorism but the applications of the latter conditions were questionable. Surely this kind of war will cause long term psychological cause to the civilians involve. It can cause major trauma to the victims that can affect their daily lives even if the war is over. It is also obvious that moral sta ndards were compromised because of the use of torture to gain information.There is also a debate regarding the moral aspect of torture. Indeed, information during war is a necessity for it can serve as a resultant role to win and end the war immediately. But the question is whether it is needed right here and now to win a particular battle. (May, 196). Form me, whether their information is helpful or necessary in winning the battle, torture is still a form of human rights violation. Indeed, war is not a good way of defending a state. Even if there are just wars, still it is very fatal and those innocent civilians were the common victims.But if there is no other option except war, it is reasonable as long as it promotes the welfare of the states and civilians.References Elshtain, J. (1992) Modern war and Christian Conscience. But was it Just?. La Civilitta Cattolica. New York. Evans, M. (2005). Just War theory A reappraisal. New York Palgraw Macmillan. May, L. (2007). War Crimes an d Just War. New York Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, N. (2006). A Just War? Hardly. Retrieved January 9, 2007 from ZNPT Commentaries. Website http//www. zmag. org/sustiners/ capacitance/2006-05/zochomsky. cfm.

Natural monopoly Essay

I believe that time swop and as they, change rules and linguistic rules must adapt to the times. Therefore, the treatment of the diametrical industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do non think the Telephone and Broadcast should n constantly have or ever be considered a Natural Monopoly. The concept of graphic monopoly presents a challenging public constitution dilemma. On the one hand, a natural monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be break served if a private firm supplies the entire market.On the other hand, in the absence of all aspiration the monopoly carrier pull up stakes be tempted to exploit his natural monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A natural monopoly is delineate in frugals as an diligence where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so exalted that it is non profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a natural soil for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of de exceed require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be little efficient.Natural monopolies are typi mobilizey utilities such as water, electricity, and natural accelerator pedal. It would be very pricey to embodiment a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas auction pitch service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. electrical energy is right off being deregulated, so the generators of electric power posterior now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, normally live a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. Cable as a Natural Monopoly.Nearly every community in the United States allows only a superstar furrow company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder decision 4 in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities tycoon be subject to antitrust liability for anti combative acts, most subscriber line certific ations have been nominally nonexclusive but in concomitant do operate to preclude all competitors. The legal rationale for municipal regulation is that business line intents city-owned streets and rights-of-way the economic rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that embody in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm allow survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. 5 Those who assert that cable television is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale that is, its overlarge fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive ledger entry into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive.The Competitive Reality I believe that times change and as they, change rules and regulations must adapt to the times. Therefore, the treatment of the different industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do not think the Telephone and Broadcast should never have or ever be considered a Natural Monopoly. The concept of natural monopoly presents a challenging public policy dilemma. On the one hand, a natural monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be better served if a adept firm supplies the entire market.On the other hand, in the absence of any competition the monopoly holder will be tempted to exploit his natural monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A natural monopoly is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete. There is a natural reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of scale require one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be less efficient.Natural m onopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to build a second set of water and sewerage pipes in a city. Water and gas delivery service has a high fixed cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is now being deregulated, so the generators of electric power can now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually remain a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. Cable as a Natural MonopolyNearly every community in the United States allows only a single cable company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder decision 4 in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities might be subject to antitrust liability for anticompetitive acts, most cable franchises have been nominally nonexclusive but in fact do operate to preclude all competitors. The legal rationale for municipal regulation is that cable uses city-owned streets and rights-of-w ay the economic rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure and whenever these conditions exist, it is inevitable that only one firm will survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. 5 Those who assert that cable television is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale that is, its large fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive entry into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive.The Competitive Reality 1. A atheist hearing exhortations that cable television is a natural monopoly that should be locally regulated could have some(prenominal) questions at this point. First, if cable is a natural monopoly, why do we need to guarantee it with a franchise? Economists Bruce Owen and Peter Greenhalgh argue persuasively that given economies of scale, if a cable company is responsive and efficient in its pricing and service quality then there will be little incentive for competitors to enter, and no need for an exclusionary franchise policy.9 Thus, if entry restrictions are necessary to arrest competition, the industry by definition is not a natural monopoly. 2. Second, if cable is a natural monopoly, is it necessarily a local monopoly? Some observers use the terms interchangeably, but there is no evidence that economic laws respect municipal boundaries. Given large fixed costs, does it make sense to award a local franchise to one company when other already has facilities in an adjacent community? Yet such wasteful duplication, as the natural monopoly proponents would call it, occurs frequently under the franchise system.Local franchises make no sense in a true natural monopoly setting. 3. These questions, however, go to the heart of natural monopoly theory itself, a doctrine that is under increasing attack. 10 In the face of crumbling conventional wisdom in this area, the burden should be on the natural monopoly proponents to demonstrate that competition is not possible, and further, that regulation is necessary. Such a demonstration will prove impossible in the cable context. Cable is both extremely competitive, facing both direct and indirect market challenges, and, in any event, is better left unregulated.For many decades, economic textbooks have held up the telecommunications industry as the ideal posture of natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is said to exist when a single firm is able to temper most, if not all, output and prices in a given market due to the enormous entry barriers and economies of scale associated with the industry. More specifically, a market is said to be naturally monopolistic when one firm can serve consumers at lower costs than two or more firms (Spulber 1995 31).For example, telephone service traditionally has required laying an extensive cable network, constructing numerous calls switching stations, and creating a variety of support services, onwards service could actually be initiated. Obviously, with such high entry costs, new firms can find it hard-fought to gain a toehold in the industry. Those problems are compounded by the fact that once a single firm overcomes the initial costs, their average cost of doing business drops rapidly relative to newcomers. The telephone monopoly, however, has been anything but natural.overlooked in the textbooks is the extent to which federal and state governmental actions throughout this century helped build the AT&T or Bell system monopoly. As Robert Crandall (1991 41) noted, Despite the popular belief that the telephone network is a natural monopoly, the AT&T monopoly survived until the 1980s not because of its naturalness but because of overt government policy. I hope that the above facts help support my beliefs that these industries should not be considered Natural Monopolies.These companies just executed and had better site than other in the same industry had. Today ATT is just as strong as it ever was.References Benjamin, S. M. , Lichtman, D. G. , Shelanski, H. , & Weiser , P. (2006). FOUNDATIONS. In Telecommunications Law and Policy . (2nd ed. ). (pp. 437 469). Durham, NC Carolina Academic Press. Foldvary, F. E. (1999). Natural Monopolies . The Progress Report. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from http//www. progress. org/fold74. htm Thierer , A. D. (1994). UNNATURAL MONOPOLY CRITICAL MOMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELL SYSTEM MONOPOLY . 14(2).

Life Span (Human Development)fe Span (Human Development) Essay

Life get across (Human Development)fe Span (Human Development) - Essay ExampleThe basic theoretical issues in regard to this include Issue 1 Is exploitation active or reactive? Issue 2 Is development continuous or discontinuous? The mechanistic model believes that human development results from responses to stimuli, and the organismic model considers human development as a response that occurs from internal activeness. The five theoretical perspectives include psychoanalytic approach, learning theory, cognitive theory, contextual perspective, and evolutionary approach, which are further discussed in the following section (Chapter Two, n.d., pp.23-25).Cognitive developmental theories This theory reflects on the development of reasoning and logical development of human beings from the time of their birth to infancy to the stage of adolescence. A key out focus is concerned with the place that human culture and teaching processes have on human beings. instruction theories This the ory emphasizes on the theories that are learned by human beings over time, through observations and experiences clearing the thought of individuals of values, expectancies, and goals.Cultural theory This theory focuses on bringing out the culturally diverse world slightly human beings reflecting on the development of human beings that is based upon the guidance offered by the nature of culture.Social role theory This theory emphasizes on the development of human beings in the context of accessible life. This determines the multiple social roles that human beings play in their lives over their development.Systems theory This theory develops an understanding of the different elements in the arranging of human life that are interdependent on each other. Self-regulation and self-organization are guided by the behaviours of such elements.The debate of nature versus nature in relation to growth and development of human beings has been in

Bond Yield Under Various Assumptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

tie down Yield Under Various Assumptions - Essay ExampleNevertheless, the concept of the price of a zero coupon bind articulated in the PowerPoint slides and the concept of the present respect are similar. One of the more heavy concepts in tie down valuation is term to maturity date. Term to maturity specifies the date or number of historic period before a bond matures (or expires) (Reilly and Brown, 2002, p. 697). Another important concept is the coupon of bond which indicates the income that the bond investor go start receive over the life (or holding period) of the issue of a bond (Reilly and Brown, 2002, p. 697). Other than concepts term to maturity and coupon of bond, the other important concepts include the principal or the par shelter of the bond just now the public is generally familiar with these concepts. II. Measures of Bond Yield Under Various Assumptions (and examples) There are at least five measures of bond give back. Each measure involves a set of assum ptions. 1. Yield to Maturity (YTM) As pointed fall out by our PowerPoint slides, Bond prices and interest prescribe risk, the yield to maturity or YTM is the yield promised to the bondholder if the bond held up to maturity and all coupons are reinvested at the promised yield (Slide 17, Bond prices and interest rate risk). ... 214-215). Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) confirmed that yield to maturity is the interest rate that will make the present value of the cash flow from a bond equal to its market price plus accrued interest. Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) pointed out that an iterative procedure is used to find the interest rate that will make the present value of the cash flows equal to the market price plus accrued interest. Following the Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) example, suppose a bond with a face value of $100 promising payments of 7% per annum payable semi-annually or every vi months is being sold at $94.17. Based on the parameters defined for the bond, the bond will earn for the bond empt or the value of $3.50 every six months plus $100 at the end of the eight year. Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) pointed out that when the rabbet rate used to obtain the present value of the payments from the bond is 3.5%, the present value of the bond is $100.00. When the force out rate of 3.6% is used to determine the present value of payments from bond, the present value of the bond is $98.80. When the discount rate of 3.7% is used, the present value of the bond is $97.62. When the discount rate of 3.8% is used, the present value of the bond is $96.45. When the discount rate of 3.9% is used, the present value of the bond is $95.30. Finally, when the discount rate of 4.0% is used, the present value of the bond is $94.17. Thus, ground on these, Fabozzi (2008, p. 214) concluded that 4.0% is the price of the bond and hence, 4.0% is the semi-annual yield to maturity. All computations came from Fabozzi (2008). Thus, we can consider that the yield to maturity or YTM of the bond as the interest actually paid to the investment of $94.17 made by the buyer of bond and the cash flows of $3.50