The Channel Tunnel Project Management Essay - 4222 Words

A PROJECT ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHANNEL TUNNEL 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Channel Tunnel is one of Europes biggest infrastructure projects ever. The 50.45km long tunnel has fulfilled this old dream by linking Britain and the rest of Europe. The idea of a fixed link between Britain and France was first mooted by a French engineer in 1802; it connects England and France 50m below the seabed of the English Channel. Its not just a tunnel, but a huge infrastructure containing massive machinery and control systems in an underwater tunnel system (Lemley, 1995; Kirkland, 1995). In 1990 the service tunnels broke through at the halfway point. The main rail tunnels met on May 22, 1991 and on June 28, 1991, each accompanied by a†¦show more content†¦Several adaptations to the traditional approaches like agile, interactive, phased, extreme, etc have been made but each will be expected to meet the requirements of the project objectives, timeline, resources, and deliveries of the stakeholders. Other industry standard certifications like ISO9000 and regulatio ns like the Sarbanes-Oxley have also influenced methodologies and processes used by several organisations (Kerzner, 2003). Generally, managing projects should involved five major process which include the project initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and then project closing. See Fig. 2 below. [pic] Fig 2: Major Project Management Processes. (Source: US DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS) The nature and scope of a project is determined at the initiation stage. This involves analyzing the business needs, developing goals, budgets, tasks, deliverables, and the stakeholder analysis. The project planning stage determines the planning team, develops the scope, and identifies work breakdown structure and activities that will be needed to complete deliverables. The planning stage also estimates time and cost activities, develop schedule and risk plan, and gain formal approval for work to begin. The executing stage involves all processes used to meet the project requirement and involves managing people and resources. The process that entails the identification of potential problems andShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Victoria And The City Council933 Words   |  4 PagesMost of the project fund was supported by the City, State and Federal. The project was originally funded $ 50 million AUD each from both the State of Victoria and the City Council. It was estimated to cost betwee n $ 100 to $ 150 million AUD. Later at its completion, the total final costs was blown out by $ 300 million AUD on top of $ 150 million AUD, reaching at $ 450 million AUD and it was further projected that the final cost will reach at $ 470 million AUD (Misiak 2003). As a result, The StateRead MoreCase Study The Chunnel Project Final3155 Words   |  9 PagesContents 1.  Ã‚  Executive summary 2 2.  Ã‚  Project Appraisal 3 Project initiation 3 Stakeholder and communication management 4 Change/Control Management 5 Risk management 6 Contract 7 Others 7 Works Cited 9 1.  Ã‚  Executive summary The Chunnel Tunnel project was initiated to connect via a tunnel France and England. It was among the biggest privately funded infrastructure projects ever. Fifty kilometres long, the tunnel extended under the English Channel from France to England. It requiredRead MoreWhat Is Project Management?2916 Words   |  12 PagesWhat is Project Management? Project irrespective of their size or complexity have 5 basic process groups that adhere to the PMBOK and the 10 knowledge areas. They are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling and closing. These which allude to the use of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project practices to gratify project requirements, is what is project management. (PMBOK) The project manager is responsible for consummating and integrating the project management processRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Nait Lrt Project1556 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide a critical analysis of the NAIT LRT Project. The report will provide insights into the causes that resulted in the failure of the project as well as will provide recommendations that would help in the success of the project. The reasons for the delay in the project could be classified into improper management, lack of communication and coordination, failure to test the mechanisms of the plan as well as flaws in the design and developmen t of the project itself. The report also provides recommendationsRead MoreChunnel Project9426 Words   |  38 PagesProject Management Institute Case Studies in Project Management The Chunnel Project By: Frank T. Anbari, PhD, PMP, Paul Giammalvo, MSPM, CCE, PMP, Paul Jaffe, MSPM, PMP, Craig Letavec, MSPM, PMP, Rizwan Merchant, MSPM Edited by: Frank T. Anbari, PhD, PMP The George Washington University This case studyRead MoreIs Masdar City A Massive Industry?1089 Words   |  5 Pagesin 2016, however, the date was pushed back to sometime between 2020 and 2025. The date of completion is not the only thing that changed, however, with the expected price of Masdar City going from $22 billion down to $16 billion. The cost of this project is massive, however, the city is not with it only being 2.3 square miles. Everything is compacted together into a square for maximum efficiency. Inside this small city the builders are preparing for a capacity of 40,000 residents and 1,500 businessesRead MoreManaging A Large Site Teams On Mega Project Construction1519 Words   |  7 Pagessite, in particular leading large site teams on mega-project construction. o Demonstrated leadership skills in developing and leading diverse work teams. o Commercially astute individual with a strong background in contracts management and claims avoidance. o Strong background in industrial relations, with a previous track record of successfully executing work in unionized worker environment. o Experienced in stakeholder interfacing and management. o Possesses strong people skills, with the abilityRead MoreWhy Are Successful Projects so Important to Hewlett-Packard?999 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 1 Projects in Contemporary Organizations Copyright 2012 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Introduction Rapid growth in project management ï  ¬ In the past, most projects were external ï  ¬ – – – Building a new skyscraper New ad campaign Launching a rocket Developing a new product Opening a new branch Improving the services provided 1-2 ï  ¬ Growth lately is in internal projects – – – 1 8/30/2012 How Project Management Developed ï  ¬ Credit for the development of project managementRead MoreA Large Investment Projects1090 Words   |  5 PagesMegaprojects are very large investment projects. The US Federal Highway Administration describes megaprojects as major infrastructure projects that cost more than US$1 billion, or projects of a significant cost that attract a high level of public attention or political interest because of substantial direct and indirect impacts on the community, environment, and budgets. Some megaprojects, like Boston s Big Dig at $15 billion or the Channel tunnel between France and the UK at $10 billion, cost numerousRead MoreNetwork Tunnel Rail Link Between Britain And Continental Europe3073 Words   |  13 PagesBudget, This project was initially known as ‘Channel tunnel Rail link’ and renamed HS1 in November 2006. HS1 runs at a speed of 300km/h between the channel tunnel and London. In this report, the writer will be discussing the various management features of the HS1 and analyzing the management of the programme. Objective of HS1 Program To develop a national railway system effectively, it is essential to establish what it was intended to achieve as a basis for investment and management (Bolden Harman

The Effects Of Climate Change On Soil Moisture - 1406 Words

Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on the interactions between the land surface and atmosphere through alterations and feedbacks in various coupled processes. Soil moisture is one aspect of the climate system that may be significantly impacted by increased temperatures, especially in areas where snowpack contributes largely to soil moisture and streamflow. In addition to rising temperatures and changes in the timing and amount of precipitation, local factors such as soil properties, vegetation, and topography influence soil moisture distribution and streamflow. This paper reviews various studies attempting to identify how the mentioned climatic and local factors may impact soil moisture, and demonstrates some of the complexities associated with adequately modeling the impacts of climate change on various spatial scales. Soil moisture plays a significant role in the climate system. Evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration through plant leaves connect land and atmospheric processes through the water and energy cycles, and feedbacks associated with soil moisture-atmospheric processes affect regional climate (Hagemann and Stacke, 2014). Soil moisture distribution impacts hydrologic processes including runoff generation and groundwater recharge in a catchment, in addition to biological processes and nutrient cycling (Williams et al., 2008). In regions where snowmelt runoff contributes to soil moisture and streamflow, understanding the factorsShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Soil Carbon Sequestration ( Scs )880 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) is the removal of atmospheric Co2 and its long-term storage in soils as soil organic carbon, soil organic matter (decomposing plant and animal tissues) and soil inorganic carbon. Carbon is sequestered in oceans, geological landforms, vegetation and soils; about 75% of the carbon sequestered on land is stored in soils (Powlson et al, 2011). The size of the flow of CO2 to and fro the atmosphere into oceans, soil and geologic landforms will determine ifRead MoreIrish Famine Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesdistributed all over the world, and are obligate parasites of the roots of many plant species, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous, woody and herbaceous plants. It is a serious problem in nurseries of mostly all vegetable crops during warm climate resulting into severe losses in nursery of crops. b) Tylenchorhynchus spp.: Tylenchorhynchus spp. affect many host plants such as soybean, tobacco, tea, oat, alfalfa, sweet potato, sorghum, rose, lettuce, grape, elms and citrus (Anderson and PotterRead MoreMinimum Value And Maximum Soil Moisture Value902 Words   |  4 Pagesindicates that these months were drier in general. However, December had higher precipitation than June despite it being drier overall. 2. For June 2011, the maximum soil moisture value was 0.2857 m3/m3, the minimum value was 0.0548 m3/m3, and the average soil moisture value was 0.138763 m3/m3. As for December 2011, the maximum soil moisture value was 0.2894 m3/m3, the minimum value was 0.2284 m3/m3, and the average value was 0.240601 m3/m3. One potential explanation for the differences in the averageRead MoreEffects Of The Great Plains Region998 Words   |  4 Pageshave used different methods and models to predict drought conditions and temperature in the Great Plains area. The models and methods discussed include the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and the Community Climate System Model. In this paper, I will describe in fuller detail the three models discussed in the paper by Hoerling et al as well as summarize the paper’s conclusions. Methods of Prediction Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Hoerling et al first discussesRead MoreThe Drought Conditions Of The Great Plains Region931 Words   |  4 Pageshave used different methods and models to predict drought conditions and temperature in the Great Plains area. The models and methods discussed include the Palmer Drought Severity Index, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and the Community Climate System Model. In this paper, I will describe in fuller detail the three models discussed in the paper by Hoerling et al as well as summarize the paper’s conclusions. Methods of Prediction Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Hoerling et al first discussesRead MoreWhy Wildfires Are An Threat Of Safety, Economy And Environment1567 Words   |  7 Pagesobservation, monitoring, analysis and prevention of wildfires. Particular emphasis is given to the use of new space-borne microwave measurements of Soil Moisture (SM) and Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) which are strongly related to fuel water contents, and are expected to complement and improve existing fire risk indices. Sample results of a soil moisture and temperature based fire risk model estimating the potential spread of wildfires are presented for the Iberian Peninsula. â€Æ' 1. Introduction WildlandRead MoreThe Use Of Lichen And Its Effect On The Environment1501 Words   |  7 Pagestemperature, sun exposure levels, and the pH levels of soil influence the growth of Lichens. Their natural structure and symbiotic relationship with fungus and a photosynthetic partner has given these organisms the ability to survive such harsh and exposed environments. Their ability to absorb substances and minerals dissolved in rain and dew has also enabled Lichen to live and survive in such extreme areas, but this ability has had the effect of making them very sensitive to pollutants in the air;Read MoreFactors That Affect Soil Development1358 Words   |  6 PagesFactors Affecting Soil Development Studies on the research of soil have shown that the profile of soils is influenced by five factors interacting with each there. These are: parent material, climate, topography, organisms, and time. Parent material: This refers to the mineral material, or organic material from which the soil is formed. Soils will carry the characteristics of its parent material such as color, texture, structure, mineral composition and so on. For example, if soils are formed fromRead MoreClimate Change And Agriculture On Indi Impacts And Adaptation For Sustainable Future1646 Words   |  7 PagesCLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE IN INDIA: IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Anupam Kumar Singh Department of African Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi (India). 1. Introduction India with its area of 3.28 million sq. km accounts for 2.4% of the world’s land surface area and stands as the seventh largest country in the world. India is second most populous country in the world with above 1.3 billion which containing 17.5% of world population. The size and populationRead MoreControl The Wildfires Of Alberta Canada992 Words   |  4 Pagesthese fires burn in old growth areas. Once the fire is burned out it leaves nutrients in the soil to aid in regrowth for future plants. After the fire Grizzly Bears rummage through the now loose and nutrient rich soil for certain roots that are apart of their diets. These roots are only accessible to the Grizzly Bear after a fire has cleared out the forest. Once regeneration starts, the nutrients in the soil allow other food sources to begin growth and bears start to forage for them. The cycle continues

Short Term and Long Term Financing - 5177 Words

| Sources of Short-Term and Long-Term Financing | SOURCES OF SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM FINANCING What is short-term financing? Short term financing has repayment schedules of less than 1 year Source: www.wiki.answers.com A loan or credit facility with a maturity of one year or less. Source: www.allbusiness.com Sources of Short-Term Financing * Trade Credits * Accruals * Commercial Papers * Bank loans * Banker’s acceptances * Receivable financing * Inventory financing Advantages and Disadvantages of Short-term Financing Advantages: * Easier to arrange * Less expensive * Provides borrower more flexibility Disadvantages * Interest rates fluctuate more often * Refinancing is†¦show more content†¦Maturities on commercial paper rarely range any longer than 270 days. The debt is usually issued at a discount, reflecting prevailing market interest rates. Bank Loans The act of giving money, property or other material goods to a another party in exchange for future repayment of the principal amount along with interest or other finance charges. A loan may be for a specific, one-time amount or can be available as open-ended credit up to a specified ceiling amount. Compensating Balances A type of premium paid by an insured business. Compensating balances plans allow firms to subtract various expenses from the premiums that they pay to their carriers. This allows the business to divert this portion of the premium to a separate account from which it can draw. Interest Rates The amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets. Interest rates are typically noted on an annual basis, known as the annual percentage rate (APR). The assets borrowed could include, cash, consumer goods, large assets, such as a vehicle or building. Interest is essentially a rental, or leasing charge to the borrower, for the asset s use. In the case of a large asset, like a vehicle or building, the interest rate is sometimes known as the â€Å"lease rate†. When the borrower is a low-risk party, they will usually be charged a low interest rate; if the borrower is considered high risk, the interestShow MoreRelatedBusinesses keep a close eye on the money they make and the bills they owe. Anything that is not paid immediately is financed. Critically discuss the d1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe shareholders, long-term and short-term sources. There are risks on every decisions that investors make to finance a business as no one knows how will it goes in the future. Factors like natural disaster, economic crises and changes in demand of markets might destroy the business. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult for businesses to raise funds if investors do not want to take the risk. Short-term financing and long-term financing Short-term financing and long-term financing are divided intoRead MoreFinancial Equity Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors impacted financing decision. The focus was not in testing a theory but getting â€Å"a deeper understanding how investment and cash flow shocks affect a firms financing decision.† (Gatchev, Spindt, Tarhan, 2009) The study was designed to determine which financing decisions were affected based on the information gathered for consideration. Specifically, the purpose was to determine what the causation or determining factors were when equity was being considered as a source of financing or what theRead MoreWorking Capital Management: Current Asset Holdings and Financial Policies1279 Words   |  5 Pagesand Financing Policies Introduction Working capital management is a strategized tool of corporate finance for making financial decisions that make and analyze a business enterprise. This finance management method in a corporate organization involves the comprehension of the totals while conducting working capital plus how it is financed. There are several concepts that assist in the comprehension of proper working capital management. These concepts are current asset holdings and financing policiesRead MoreScott Equipment Organization Paper1370 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies use debt financing to achieve financial goals. Some choose to use debt consolidation financing. By having a wide range of financing options available, a company is able to get their business up and running faster. This paper will examine three options of financing for Scott Equipment. The aggressive, moderate, and conservative financing options will be calculated and compared in order to determine the best option for Scott Equipment. Summary of Short-Term and Long-Term Financing Policy Options Read MoreMiss638 Words   |  3 Pages1. Compare and contrast a return on assets analysis versus a return on sales which companies will benefit most from the former and why?    ROA (short for return on assets) is a measure of a company’s profitability relative to total assets invested in the business by the owners.    ROA = Net Income/Assets    ROS (short for return on sales) on the other hand is a measure of a company’s overall operating efficiency.    ROS =Net Income/Revenue    Both ROA and ROS indicate the level of efficiencyRead MoreShort Term Financial Policies1216 Words   |  5 PagesPTMBA I / Trim III (A. Y. 2010-11) Div. C. Assets of Short Term Financial Policy Flexible Short Term Financial Policy Maintainance of high ratio of current assets to sales. This would include:- ⠝â€" Keeping large cash bank balances ⠝â€" Making substantial investment in inventories. ⠝â€" Liberal Credit Term meaning high level of debtors. Restrictive Short Term Financial Policy. This would include:- ⠝â€" Low cash balances / no investment in marketable securities ⠝â€" Small inventory levelRead MoreScott Equipment Organization1207 Words   |  5 Pages Scott Equipment Organization Many businesses use debt financing to achieve their financial goals. Debt financing is raising operating capital by borrowing. Scott Equipment Organization is investigating various combinations of short-term and long-term debt financing in financing their assets. Short-term debt financing has a maturity of one year or less; whereas, long-term debt financing has a maturity of more than one year. Short-term debt is usually used to increase the amount of available workingRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Investments889 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle, a prediction is made that states if firms whose asset values are unclear, if they will use debt to cover financing needs, and issue equity as a last resort. These predictions were tested. It was found that investment induced deficit were financed using both long term debt and short term debt, as well as equity. It was also found that cash balances were not a source of financing. Another finding was that small firms, high-growth firms , and less profitable firms tend to use equity to coverRead MorePanera Bread Co Business Model And Efficient Business Operations1392 Words   |  6 Pagesrespects to the company’s business model and efficient business operations. The methods of analysis utilized include: breakdown of several financial statements such as: income statements, balance sheets, pro-forma statements, as well as, short-term and long-term solvency ratios. As a result of poor performance of in-store sales, in its current growth phase, the company is facing inability to rely on internal funding; which has led to tighter margins. Increases in product and material costs, andRead MoreShort Term Financial Policies1229 Words   |  5 PagesPTMBA I / Trim III (A. Y. 2010-11) Div. C. Assets of Short Term Financial Policy Flexible Short Term Financial Policy Maintainance of high ratio of current assets to sales. This would include:- ⠝â€" Keeping large cash bank balances ⠝â€" Making substantial investment in inventories. ⠝â€" Liberal Credit Term meaning high level of debtors. Restrictive Short Term Financial Policy. This would include:- ⠝â€" Low cash balances / no investment in marketable securities ⠝â€" Small

Same Sex Marriges Essay Example For Students

Same Sex Marriges Essay Society does not accept Same Sex Marriges Essay. There are various reasons for this. Many people feel that same sex marriges are not natural, and go against religious beliefs. Some people may be homophobic feel that gays and lesbians do not deserve to be united legally on paper, or under the blessings of God. Homosexuals want to marry for the same reason that heterosexuals have and there should be no reason why they are not allowed to. Marriage is much more than merely a commitment to love one another. Aside from societal and religious conventions, marriage involves legally imposed financial responsibility and legally authorized financial benefits. Marriage provides automatic legal protections for the spouse, including medical visitation. They become a legal beneficiary of a deceased spouses property, as well as pension and other rights. When two adults want to be married in the eyes of the law, as well a perhaps promise in the eyes of the Lord and their friends and family, to be responsible for the obligations of marriage as well as to enjoy its benefits, the law should not interfere with that simply because they are of the same gender. By not allowing same sex marriges, we are saying that gays and lesbians do not have the same rights as a heterosexual couple and that is not right. It seems like they are considered not to be normal. I dont even think there is a normal for anyone anymore. They cannot benefit from eachother the way a heterosexual married couple would be able to. The only people that benefit from this are the people that do not accept same sex marriges. Personally I do not believe that they are hurting anyone by wanting to get married. Bibliography I dont have one Sociology .